Microsoft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Microsoft - Essay Example The product’s analysis will also be conducted considering its attributes as well as diffusion. The paper will then describe its pricing strategies, the channels of distribution and the strategies of promotion that is proposed to enable it have a larger market especially for students and the teachers. Promotion analysis will involve conducting an analysis to determine the promotion strategies that Microsoft office 365 should use. The target market focused in this analysis is tertiary students and the teachers. Promotion will ensure that the potential as well as current customers are made aware of the availability of Microsoft office 365. The customers through promotion will also be persuaded to see that Microsoft office 365 is the best product compared to google apps and think free office. In determining the best promotion method, there is need to consider several factors including nature of the product, competition, target market, nature of the product and the stage of the product in the lifecycle. The different promotion methods that Microsoft office 365 might consider using are advertising, personal selling, public relations, sales promotion and direct marketing (Pride et al, 445). The first step will include the determination of the most appropriate promotion mix. This will include the various methods of promotion that the will be appropriate. The promotion mix for Microsoft office 365 will include advertising and public relations. Advertising will include creating awareness of the Microsoft office 365 product through the media. This will help to create the product’s awareness to both the existing and potential customers and in this case the targeted group being students in the tertiary level and the teachers. It will involve some budget allocation to ensure that the advertising process is well financed. Considering that the target market for this product is students in

Proposal for Artemis Sportswear Company Essay Example for Free

Proposal for Artemis Sportswear Company Essay Proposal for Artemis Sportswear Company for cutting operational expenses to increase profit margins; some ideas. As a business, Artemis can cut down the operational costs by down-sizing the labor force so the company can compete with other sportswear companies. There are two ways a company can down-size the labor costs, one of these is down-scaling the direct labor, and the other one would be to relocate the labor and obtain cheaper labor force. Reduce Employee Costs. Outsource any jobs where a full-time employee is not necessary. This will cut your payroll expenses, health-care costs and space requirements. Introduce a reward scheme for employees who do not take any sick days in a year or six-month period. The cost of the reward is minimal compared to the savings made by the company. Rather than pay overtime rates, try re-organizing the work rosters and routines to prevent the need for overtime. Offer staff incentives for reducing their personal days and sick leave taken. Hire college students or interns-Internship programs are a win-win for both sides. You get an ambitious employee who will do monotonous work and they get college credit, experience and hopefully, an excellent reference. Cutting everyday expenses can lower operational expenses. When purchasing office supplies, generic is going to be less expensive than brand name. Buying the store brand is generally sold at a lower cost. Buying supplies in bulk is cost effective over a long period of time. Leasing equipment is better than buying equipment. When leasing you have the opportunity to upgrade or downgrade when necessary. Technology is always changing and improving, so by leasing there is the option to stay current with the new changes in the equipment. Smaller equipment such as telephones, printers, fax machines and calculators should be purchased not leased. Smaller equipment will hold its value over time and can be easily replaced if needed. Try shopping for bargains or sales whenever possible. Company could go green by using products that produce less waste, or less energy. Curb your business travel and cut costs where you can. Meeting with long-distance clients is costly and it can be expendable for some businesses, but travel can also be the most beneficial expense for a business. Fortunately, modern technology can replicate the experience at a much lower cost; such as communicating through Skype or some other form of video chat link. Cut out the landline and fax line with Blackberrys and iPhones, and everything compatible for email, who needs them? Conceder free advertising whenever possible, try piggybacking your advertising. Including advertising material in other mailings, such as in invoices, saves postage and other costs, says J. Donald Weinrauch, co-author of The Frugal Marketer. Likewise, make the most of your point-of-purchase opportunities by tucking coupons, newsletters or other promotional fliers in the bag with customers purchases. Hire independent contractors or temporary workers as needed. Outsource your payroll, benefits and HR. Consider a virtual assistant or answering service to reduce payroll. Some IT Department solutions, Process Automation allows a smaller management team to effectively handle a larger number of systems Intelligent Software Delivery allows companies to more accurately assess how many licenses they will need when purchasing software Endpoint Virtualization reduces downtime for application conflicts and provides a secure workspace when roaming Power Management Capabilities documents compliance with energy consumption policies and may provide rebates from local power companies Remote Diagnostic Tools reduces required IT travel time and travel budgets.

50s Essay examples -- essays research papers

Rebellious characters lead to various actions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1950’s in Great Britain was a post-war era of vastly different experiences. For many, it was a time of hope, victory and promise. For others it was a time of depression and healing. And for some it was a time of rebellion. Various literary characters of the decade represented each of these emotions. Three of these characters, including Nancy Hawkins of Muriel Spark’s A Far Cry from Kensington, Jim Dixon of Amis Kingsley’s Lucky Jim, and Jimmy Porter of John Osborne’s A Look Back in Anger, represent the rebellious side of civilization in the 1950’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each of these drastically different characters takes a different approach to their personal rebellion. Jim Dixon can arguably be considered an anarchist in many of the traits he exhibits throughout the text. Whether it be drinking the night away as a means of rebellion or burning the bed sheets of an over-night host, Dixon lacks certain social abilities that lead to a normal existence. Jimmy Porter on the other hand takes an extremely passive-aggressive approach to his personal rebellion. Though he complains frequently he is hard pressed to affect any kind of social evolution. In other words, he dreams of a better existence but strives to achieve none of it. Nancy Hawkins is much more active in her rebellion as she   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  von Metzke 2 subconsciously works towards social change in terms of personal happiness in the 50’s. She is free with advice and always willing to help another in need. Because of these traits, Nancy Hawkins is perhaps the best spokeswoman for her generation of these three characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jim Dixon, the protagonist of Lucky Jim, is quite arguably an anarchist in the ways he acts towards others. He is considered a Cinderella in a Cinderella story as it relates to the various things that happen to him throughout the course of the text and yet he continues his private rebellion against certain aspects of life that are socially expected such as common courtesy when he burns the table and bed sheets of the Welsh’s and hides them rat... ...hange her life for the better. When she decides she is out of shape and overweight, she makes strides by only eating half of everything. This results in her rapid loss of weight. Nancy also determines she needs a change in her personal religious beliefs. She abruptly stops saying her Hail Mary’s at noon as she sees it as nothing more than a silly superstition. Regardless of the obstacle, Nancy seems ready for the challenge in this story. This is the major quality that separates her character with that of Jim Dixon and Jimmy Porter. Nancy Hawkins above all else believes in herself and that is her true rebellion against society. Nothing can keep her down if she doesn’t let it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The greater picture being examined by these authors is how these characters relate to the era in which they are set. The 1950’s was an optimistic time filled with hope and promise for a better life than the previous decade. More so than Jim Dixon or Jimmy Porter, Nancy represents this optimism in the way she advises others, takes positive action to better her reality, and truly believes in her own potential. She greatly defines the era in question.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Globalization: a boom or a threat? Essay

Globalization is an interaction between different economies, societies and cultures through a worldwide network of trade, communication and transportation. Globalization has both advantages and disadvantages on every economy that exists in this world. Globalization affects every country in a very serious manner. According to studies globalization has more advantages over its disadvantages. Globalization leads to exchange of technology between different countries, exchange of weapons for defense, it reduces the fear of war between developed nations, it leads to free trade between countries, it reduces cultural barrier and helps to increase global village effect. These examples are just a part of the story and there are many more advantageous of globalization over its disadvantages. Globalization is a controversial topic since last two decades; many people believe that globalization has many disadvantages like outsourcing of jobs to other nations, losing cultural identity and exploitation of workers rights. Following is the list of advantageous of globalization and its disadvantages. However, list of advantages of globalization is way longer than its disadvantageous that leaves us to decide that is globalization a boom or a threat? Globalization leads to exchange of technology from developed countries to other developing nations. Taking an example of America’s technology transfer to India has changed the world. America transfers it’s nuclear, information technology, medicine and machinery technology to India, which brought a boom in the Indian economy. India was known the as third world country but now it is known as upcoming super power after china. Globalization affected Indian economy is a very serious and a good manner. In return India offers US with its call center services. Also, U.S. is outsourcing its manufacturing and white collar jobs to India which saves America tons of billions of dollars every year because of cheap and reliable services provided by India to American customers. The U.S. shares its army training programs with India and transfer latest weapons to Indian army which is very useful to maintain an army balance in south Asia and also to fight with terrorists. In return Indian army trains American army with jungle warfare tactics. Working out together is a key to success and globalization makes it possible. It is beneficial for both the economies by being interdependent on each other. It leads to rapid growth of both the economies. Globalization leads to reduce tension of war between two or more developed nations. Globalization pacifies international relations. Two countries that trade together are reciprocally dependent to each other. One is interested in selling and other is interested to buy. The best example is the U.S. and China, China wants to sell and U.S. wants to buy cheap stuff. Even though, China is the biggest threat to the US at this moment, U.S. does not want a war with China because of its national interest. In return U.S. provides China with money and technology. Both the countries are equally and reciprocally dependent to each other. Hence, globalization helps reducing tension of war between developed nations. Globalization leads to freedom to exchange good and capital by free trade policies. With globalization, companies can manufacture goods at places with low cost labor and at place where there are not many jobs available. For example American companies prefer to outsource its manufacturing plants to India or other Asian countries because of its cheap labor, massive man power available there, very less cost of production and very less or no taxes by their government which results in lowering the cost of the product. Globalization reduces cultural barrier and makes the global village effect dream come true. Taking an example of America, we know a lot more about other cultures now than what our parents or grandparents knew. We are more open to other cultures. Our minds are more open to other ideas, traditions and this has made it a very exciting time for our generation and for those to come. We eat sushi in lunch or Italian in dinner, all this counts to make us more knowledgeable about other cultures. People on the other side of the world like in India or China watch Hollywood movies, eat peanut butter jelly in breakfast, wear Hollister or American eagle which in a way helps them to understand western culture. As a result, they overcome their cultural barrier and compete with rest of the world. Now days every culture affects other culture directly or indirectly and making ourselves more and more knowledgeable about different cultures will help us to make our global village effect dream come true. A quote from Pico Iyer’s essay would have worked in this previous paragraph. However, disadvantages of globalization like outsourcing of white collar jobs and manufacturing jobs to developing nations by developed nation’s leads to decent percentage of unemployment in the developed nations. Also, problems like losing cultural identity and exploitation of workers’ rights are concerning many people in the world. Even though, globalization has many advantages, its disadvantages moves along with it and these disvantages cannot be neglected. Taking an example of world recession, 2008, U.S. citizens lost millions of jobs and the only reason was not enough jobs available in the U.S. because decent amount of white collar jobs were outsourced to India or China. Subject?Bad moves along with good and we should accept it and find a way to get rid of these disadvantages of globalization instead of criticizing it. Globalization has many advantages and disadvantages, but it’s advantageous like exchange of technology between different countries, exchange of weapons for defense, reduced fear of war between developed nations, free trade between countries, reduced cultural barrier and increase in global village effect overcomes its disadvantages like outsourcing of white collar jobs, exploitation of worker rights and loss of cultural identity. Studies show that demerits of globalization are way lesser than its merits and these demerits can be resolved by imposing some policies. As a result globalization is more of a boom to the world and not than a threat.

Case Study Formula 1

Q1. What do you need in order to succeed in Formula One? The case studies emphasise that all three racing teams focussed on different strategies. Their strategies changed within the environment and circumstances, but what is overwhelmingly evident is that a team needs all the elements to be in synergy and for focus to be on every aspect of the strategy. As the old adage, ‘A team is only as strong as its weakest link. This means that in order to be successful and to maintain success, you’ve got to get all the elements right, the overall package, the budget, the designer, the engine, the drivers, the organisation and every aspect, from what is deemed most important to the least important, all play an essential part of sustaining a winning team. The strategy employed has to be all encompassing and must definitely not rely on any one aspect only, as this has proven to be short lived, and cannot sustain long-term success. A distinct advantage is for these racing teams to be afore with latest technology and to ensure a good relationship with its sponsors and suppliers especially the engine suppliers, as was evident with the Honda partnership in supplying engines. Another dimension is the attitude, drive and enthusiasm of the team. Their desire to win and the extra effort they put in, not just to rely on a fast car or good driver, but also to have a focussed mindset and good inter-relationships. 2. Why do you think your team were successful during this period? The Ferrari team was successful during this 2000 –2004 due to them changing their mindset from the conventional and adapting to the rapid advancement of technology. Even though they had the money, resources and discipline they lacked the innovation to move forward and keep up with the rest of the world with respect to technology. By recruiting John Bernand the top technical designer and setting up the GTO plant in Guildford gave Ferrari the edge they needed. This plant focused on long term R & D and the Marnello plant concentrated on the current design and activities. Both long term and short term strategies were being fulfilled and a synergy was formed. The death of Enzo Ferrari gave rise to a new management team with a different management style. This created some problems/shift within the organisation but it also gave way to benefits, as the saying goes, â€Å"Change is as good as a holiday†. The new management team was able to amalgamat the human resource plan, marketing plan and financial plan to ensure sustainability of the organisation. They recruited the right people to compliment the business and take their business to new heights. The new team helped Schumacher to world titles. In addition Schumacher’s talent as a driver coupled with his motivating skills provided a base for an excellent performing team. Ferrari’s supply chain was critical for the sustainability of their company. Long-term commercial and technological partnerships were set up with Marlbaro and Shell which maximised the benefits of Ferrari’s investments. These partnerships provided the technical and financial support needed. 3. Why were they unable to sustain this success? One of the key reasons that Ferrari was unable to sustain their success was as a result of complacency. The developers at Ferrari lack the foresight to acknowledge that the design of the product i. e the F1racing car. The strategy that was adopted by Team Ferrari focused primarily on the engine that ran the car, this owing largely to the fact that this was the ideology of it’s chairman Enzo Ferrari, this strategy was entrenched in the technical development team. Ferrari believe that by building better faster engines that their cars would remain unbeatable. This strategy was effective however only for a period of time. Other teams had realised that there were other aspects of the cars design that contributed to it’s performance. As result the strategy of these teams shifted from finding the perfect engine to designing the perfect race car that was aerodynamically efficient, who’s chassis were lighter and therefore sought to find an engine that compliment these new designs, this was achieved with the use of the V12 engines which perfectly. Whilst all of these technological developments were taking place in the F1 arena, Ferrari chose to focus on it’s long term strategy which focused on the development of the V6 turbocharged engine. This essentially meant that their drivers were now competing with cars that no longer held a competitive advantage, in fact the cars were now considered inferior. The fundamental flaw in this instance was that Ferrari had ignored the change in trends in the immediate environment and stuck to what they felt worked. The strategy was to exploits their strengths but neglected the opportunities that presented themselves. They had failed to respond to an immediate threat, thus exposing their weaknesses and allowing themselves to retrogress to the extent that Ferrari was no longer considered a threat. This was further compounded by the problems that were being experienced between Audetto and Laude, Ferrari’s strength was derived somewhat from the relationship between Team Boss and Driver and with Audetto not being able to accomplish this, it impacted on the performance of the team. In addition, the heavy reliance on the driver, meant that the team was left at the mercy of it’s driver, this was evident when Laude was unable to compete for six weeks, this allowed the competition to close in on the lead that Ferrari had established. What this showed was Ferrari’s inability to adapt to a change in circumstances. The strategy that it had employed during this time did not include contingencies. What could they have done to sustain their success further? A key consideration for Team Ferrari should have been the technological advancements that were taking place in terms of the design of the vehicle. It was undoubted that Ferrari had the necessary resources at their disposal to have developed a car that other manufacturers would have envied which in fact they did manage to do. However their strategy should have been innovative to have explored a more integrated approach to the design of the car. They should have exploited the opportunity of forming alliances with key design engineers that specialised in the field of aerodynamics as that was a growing trend in the F1 arena. Management should have been more in tune with the immediate environment and had the foresight to have identified the shifting trends and re-strategized to accommodate the trends thereby ensuring that they remained more competitive. Further, the changes in the management team should have been limited to allow for the team to adapt to the technological changes that were taking place around them. The strategy of Ferrari should have focused on fully utilising its strengths to exploit the opportunities that presented themselves thereby addressing the threats imposed by it’s competitors. 4. Conclusion: In order to have remained competitive or in fact dominant Ferrari should have adopted a more entrepreneurial approach to it’s business and seized the opportunities to be innovative to point of being the benchmark in Formula One racing. The strategy should have been influenced more by the technological environment in which it competed as a opposed to the historical goals of a single individual. It should have sought to make it offerings to the F1 world current and innovative, resourced should have been channelled towards an integrated approach to the manufacture of a Formula One car that was both innovative yet extremely competitive, thus ensuring that Ferrari remain at the forefront of innovation and Formula One racing.

How To Make Scented and Colored Bath Salts

How To Make Scented and Colored Bath Salts This is a recipe for making scented, colored bath salts. Difficulty: Average Time Required: 15 minutes Heres How: Mix salts together in a bowl.Stir in remaining ingredients. Generally a drop of two of fragrance is sufficient. Use ingredients containing water with care (color, certain fragrances), since too much water will dissolve salt.Spoon salts into the jars and seal them. Decorative labels listing ingredients are nice! Tips: Make certain jars are absolutely dry. Salts absorb moisture, so this project will work better in low humidity.Kitchen fragrances work well. Try extracts of vanilla, lemon, orange, cinnamon, or mint.Not all essential oils are appropriate for bathing! Suggestions to try include lavendar, rose geranium, rosemary, or jojoba.Colors or fragrances may be omitted, if desired, for persons with chemical sensitivities.Some essential oils are naturally colored (e.g., chamomile is blue). What You Need: 2 C Epsom Salts1 C Sea Salt or Rock Salt1/4 tsp GlycerineFood ColorsEssential Oils or PerfumeJars with Lids/Stoppers

Crucible Essay Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

Crucible Essay Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible Crucible Essay The Crucible Essay The story The Crucible takes place during the times of the Salem witch trials in Massachusetts. This was a time of much hypocrisy in the people of the town of Salem. Many people believed anything they heard or saw. Although The Crucible is fictitious, the story depicts the historical information of the Salem witch trials, and blends them with fictitious characters with minds of their own to create a very realistic plot and conflict in this story. This story has a few themes that are shown through the actions and the thoughts of the characters. One theme that I felt had an impact on the outcome of the story is Fear and suspicion can produce hysteria which results in the destruction and breakdown of the people. The thesis of the story is shown by peoples actions people can become suspicious of one thing and this leads to an uprising in the town and the people. The story begins with the dancing of the girls in the forest. When the girls are seen they become scared and run off. This is what leads to the uprising in the town. The Puritans are viewed as being very religious they believe in God and everything he did for them. They believe in an unconditional election in which God has no obligation to save anyone, no matter how little the problem is. The Puritans use this during the witch trials in which they hanged many people that were innocent of witchcraft. These hangings happened because everyone believed everything the girls said and showed. People in the crowd seemed awe struck by the girls and their ability to view people as witches or not. These hangings produced hysteria in the townspeople. In the story because of the dancing of the girls the priests of the town, Hale and Parris believed that the girls called the devil upon their town. Many people are accused of witch craft because of the girls. Puritans also believe in The Supremacy of Divine Will in which god is absolute. When the girls supposedly brought Satan upon their town the people got frightened and the only way to get rid of the demons in the town is through several hangings. The girls was the link between the people they could see Satan and the people that followed his work. Through the stories the girls lied about what they saw this should not have happened. The girls took their fear out on the people of the town and they did not even realize it. The thesis of this story has a large impact on the people and the conflict of the story. The other side of my thesis would have explained that if nobody in the town got suspicious or involved in the witch trials there would not have been hysteria in the people. If this was true there may have been many lives saved including John Proctor and Rebecca Nurse. The other side of the thesis was not used because the opposite of the thesis does not explain the way the outcome of the story was. If nobody got involved in the trials the conflict/outcome would have been different. In conclusion peoples actions and suspicions of one thing can lead to and uprising in the town. Throughout the story the people turned to the girls to rely on who was a witch. The girls were led by Abigail she stunned everyone with her attitude and her ability to see the Devil. Because of what the girls said there was a disturbance in the town. The Crucible is a great example of fictional/history. It also shows that you can not always believe what you hear because it may not be true.

Test-Taking Tips and Strategies

Test-Taking Tips and Strategies Of all the stressors that come with earning a degree in higher education, taking a test – or exam, rather – often causes the most stress. Tests are rarely simple, most always a challenge, and, worst of all, the student hardly knows what to expect – even those who  have done their work, studied hard and prepared well for the exam.  The key to successful test taking, however, is preparation and avoiding carelessness when taking the test. How to Write a College Research Paper Taking a test demonstrates the student’s ability to understand their course material and use that knowledge ina pragmatic way. There are two kinds of tests: objective tests –true/false, multiple choice, fill-in-the-blank; andsubjective tests – short answer, essay, oral exams. Regardless of the student, their approach to taking tests, intelligence, skill level, or if they have a proclivityfor performing well on tests, here are a few suggestions for the student who wishes to excel on tests. Test-Taking Tips and Strategies Improve test-taking abilities by looking at old tests. When preparing for any test, the student should review previously taken tests to be aware of areas that may require more attention. Each test a student takes in some way prepares them for the next – especially the Final exam. Be early, early, early. The day of a test, the student should one, get up out of bed at an early hour, early enough to get a good, healthy breakfast before reviewing last-minute notes. Also, the student should arrive early to the test-taking site to avoid any stress or panic. Visualize. It’s a health practice for the student to imagine a successful test – literally envisioning themselves going slowly and successfully over each question, performing each in a confident, competent manner, and finishing every question calmly, thoroughly, with the least amount of stress as possible. Be alert, sit upright and, if possible, choose a comfortable seat/chair and location. A great deal of the student’s success in taking a test depends on their ability to stay focused, alert and comfortable. Stay relaxed, confident – and keep a positive attitude. Like visualizing success, the student must not let their negative thoughts cause a poor test performance. They should keep reminding themselves they are doing their best, will pass the test with flying colors, and get on with their day. A few deep breaths also help to maintain focus and composure. Read the directions carefully and avoid making errors due to carelessness. Most tests do have a time limit; however, it is more than beneficial when the student reads all directions Have a strategy. Answer questions in a strategic order, depending on the student’s strengths/weaknesses, comfort level, and understanding of the content. The student may want to answer easy questions first, as sort of a warm-up, which may build confidence, then answer questions with the most point value. On objective test questions, eliminate incorrect answers: This works with multiple-choice questions, true-false questions, etc. If possible, make very broad outlines for essays. This helps the student visualize their written answer, serving as a makeshift formula for a response. If time allows, look the test over once more. Rather than turning in their test right after they’re done with it, the student should hold on to their test as long as possible. They should check to make sure they’ve answered every question to the best of their abilities and not made careless, pointless errors, have mismarked answers, and so on. Also, the student may find pertinent, helpful information, or even an answer to a question, at a different part of the test. Three Steps to a Great College Essay

Evaluation of Safety-Critical Software Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Evaluation of Safety-Critical Software - Essay Example To that end, there were several attempts to measure the dependability of safety-critical software. Similarly, Harlan Mills and his colleagues had developed a process called â€Å"clean room† that utilized independent testing groups to act as end users of programmable devices and were said to generate reliable results than the common practice of software professionals who performed a series of carefully planned tests to measure the reliability of their owned inventions. All things considered, an exhaustive mathematical test, not only based on intuitive reasoning, must be conducted to ensure the trustworthiness of safety-critical software. Programmable computers are tools that provide convenience to the end users, however, devices that are controlled by safety-critical software can threaten lives of people, as well. To that end, an extreme discipline in design in the making is needed. Data and related information should be laid out in a way that it could be easily comprehended by an independent group of testers. That is to say that â€Å"clean room† as developed by Harlan Mills and company must be applied to prevent unbiased results. Human errors often occurred, especially when software professionals would try to self-assist their own works. With this in mind, why engineers had chosen software instead of hardware? In the first place, software components were less expensive than hard-wired logic. These components were massed produced. Secondly, logic, in theory, that was implemented on software could be easily changed than of the one implemented on the hard-wired device. Lastly, software is more flexible than of non-computerized system. For instance, the modern computer technology could provide more information to the end users in a more convenient manner. Less space and power were needed to produce this information.

Critical contexts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Critical contexts - Essay Example e principles of EU law within its borders and since there is no distinction between citizens and non-citizens in its provisions, then UK is bound to apply all EU laws without discrimination on all persons subject to its jurisdiction. Under international law, a state has prescriptive jurisdiction or authority to apply its national laws on all persons within its jurisdiction, regardless of the nationality of persons. The application of this authority within its territory is exclusive and absolute but may be subject to such concept as exterritoriality, usually in the form of diplomatic immunity. This authority may also be extended outside of its territory under the extraterritoriality principle subject to the grant of authority by another state (Dixon 143-144, 146). Since Gabrielle was a worker in UK prior to her death with a valid working visa, she was subject to its jurisdiction. Thus, under the EU law she was supposed to be subject to its protection by implication and extension. Her mere presence within the UK jurisdiction entitled her to the rights reserved under the EU law. The same was true in the case of Karl while he was temporarily in UK under a tourist visa. His presence within the country’s jurisd iction had entitled him to protection under the EU law. In the event of failure of the UK government to protect them as provided by the terms of the EU Charter, gives them the right to file a complaint before the European Court of Justice. The usual procedure is for individual litigants to challenge in the country’s courts the failure of the State to apply Community law and if the court needs assistance to rule on the issue before it, it may refer the matter to the European Court of Justice under Article 234 of the EC Treaty (Weatherill 2007 95). In line with the above, Gabrielle could have gone to a UK court to file a complaint against her employers for their discriminatory treatment re her salary. Under the Article 15 of the European Charter, â€Å"nationals

Freemasons Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Freemasons - Research Paper Example In a matter of three decades, the Masonic fraternity had multiplied all over the Old World and the New World colonies. Freemasonry particularly became popular in the colonies of America. Great men in American history, such as George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Paul Revere and Joseph Warren, became members of the fraternity. Other illustrious Masonic members who participated in the founding of America were John Paul Jones, Lafayette, Nathanael Greene and John Hancock. Chief Justice John Marshall, who was also a Mason, formed the Supreme Court into its modern structure (York 1993). Majority of the Masonic historians and scholars agree that Freemasonry, in its present structure, perhaps developed as an accessory from stonemasons from the Middle Ages through the period until the formation of the Operative Stone Masons Guilds. However, it is still uncertain how or when the conversion occurred from Operative Guild Free-Stone Masonry to scholarly Speculative Freemasonry or those making use of tools of stonemasons, garments and practices as symbolic supports to teach their principles, even though Scottish Lodge Kilwinnings documentations confirming admitted non Operatives by just about 1672 and several Lodges in England were completely non Operative at least by 1646, the time of Elias Ashmole (Jacob 1991). Stonemasons are remarkable. They acquired extraordinary skills to construct the cathedrals, castles and the essential sculpted forms and adornments ordered of their masters. This kind of skill must have looked like almost supernatural to the huge uneducated masses. They were evidently the cream of the crop of the labor force, possessed secret practices and symbols and would have fascinated and attracted several of the most skilled non-educated enlistments (Doan 1993). Though, provided with the intricacy and the focus on morality of the different

Moderating and Minimizing Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Moderating and Minimizing Conflict - Essay Example Conflict can be interpreted in two dimensions: the theorist’s perspective of the conflict and the environment where the conflict takes place (Strasser & Randolph, 2004, p.4). The environment may include conflict between individuals or families or nations. The conflict can also be inter-psychic in which the conscious mind and the unconscious mind conflict with each other. How the mediators interpret conflict and its resolution paves the way to their selection of an appropriate approach towards reconciliation. Mediator’s perspectives and how they look at the situation shapes the mediation approach and the resolution process. My conflict style is collaborative. I believe that communication is the best way to resolve a conflict (Cupach et al., 2010) at all levels: personal, cultural, political, organizational or international. I do not like asserting my viewpoints and perspectives on others; instead, I like to listen to other people’s beliefs and disbeliefs. This way , I give the other persosn the opportunity to make their points clear. I invite them to share their views with me. I do not want them to feel ignored or un-listened. This empowers them and at the end, this makes them respect the solution I come up with because they know that I have listened to them and have made them participate in the decision-making process. I will quote two examples from my personal life here. Once, my younger brother, Joe, started to hang out with his friends late night. He had made up a routine of coming home late night and this would upset my parents and I because we did not want him to do stuff none of his elders ever did. My parents are both authoritarians in their parenting style and they do not want to argue with kids. This even awoke more aggression in Joe because he knew that Mom and Dad were not going to understand him. One day, I called him and sat down with him. I started to communicate with him- something Mom and Dad had never did. I asked him what m ade him come home late and why he wanted to disobey and upset his parents. After listening to him, I told him the bad consequences that might happen if he constantly stayed absent from home till late night. And I got my results. He understood me. We figured a middle way out in which I gave him enough space about hanging out but made sure that he returns before 9 pm. At another day, I came across two of friends, Mike and Bob, fighting and yelling at each other. Mike said that Bob had stolen his notebook that he had prepared after one year’s efforts; while Bob said that he knew nothing about the notebook. The argument went so serious that both of them were ready to punch each other at faces. After much struggle, I cooled them down and made them sit at the desk and talk about the issue. First, I made Mike present his perspective and then I told Bob to clarify himself. I made them ‘talk’ to each other and listen to each other’s views. After about half an hour of real sound arguments, both of them resolved the issue. Mike was remembering that he had handed the notebook over to the professor one day and he had not returned that yet. Thus, the conclusion was that communication made him remember things that he was forgetting. On concluding note, I am very much pleased with my conflict style. I love collaborating and communicating

Management in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 6

Management in Context - Essay Example romotion of trade liberalization (World Trade Organization, 2008), the modern business trend has gradually shifted from multinationalism to globalization. Globalization is â€Å"a process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments of different countries which is driven by international trade and investment through the use of information technology.† (The Levin Institute, 2008) In other words, the concept of globalization allows business people to maximize their available financial resources by taking advantage of the low-cost products and services that are readily available from developing countries. Because of the differences in monetary exchange rate, large-scale businesses from developed countries are able to purchase more homogenous products and highly competitive human resources at a much lesser price. Globalization theorists like Giddens (2000) and Waters (1995) suggest that globalization causes â€Å"social change†. Based on this theory, this study will examine the overall impact of globalization over the role and responsibilities of modern managers. discussed: (1) the need to implement and promote a strong cultural diversity within the business organization; (2) the shift from a traditional management style to the promotion of self-efficient employees; (3) the need to continuously update one’s own learning and promote organizational learning culture; (4) the shift from authoritative or transactional leadership style to transformational leadership style; and (5) importance of selecting the best motivational strategies. Globalization opens new business opportunities by increasing the size of potential markets for existing companies. However, globalization also increases pressure in market competition. For this reason, companies today are facing new business challenges not only within the domestic markets but in a global perspective. (Jain, 2003: p. 53) The tight competition within the domestic and international markets

Mythical man-months Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mythical man-months - Essay Example One of the first problems that existed previously was that any activity was taken up with a sense of over-confident optimism with the belief that nothing could go wrong at all. But, even the biggest of corporations and the most intelligent of people make mistakes. Therefore, the industry experts have devised new techniques for debugging any errors that are encountered. Any occurrence of an error is considered as a risk and under such a scenario, Risk mitigation and monitoring management techniques (RMMM) are adopted. Under this approach, all possible risks that may arise in the development of the application are identified and they are prioritized according to their impact and efforts are made to eliminate them beforehand or whenever they are encountered. The second deficiency is with estimation of the Cost and effort. Though, the man-month is considered to be a fallacious concept, it is still used in estimation, with the only change being that industry has come up with certain concrete mathematical formulas under different techniques by which the man-months can be estimated and the effort can be calculated. One major observation in these modern techniques has been that the formulas for these methods has been devised using historical data from previous projects that have been taken up by the industry. Thus, the only limitation in this aspect is that any project may not conform to stay with the historical limits and may go out of range at any time. Thus, it is extremely important to devise concrete techniques even today.Earlier, scheduling the testing stage for any Software project was the most mismanaged aspect and the industry was not particularly concerned about it. But, today's software products are very specific and in order to s atisfy the customer, products are examined in minute detail. For this, the industry uses the concepts of '' and '' testing that uses the approach of enabling the user to assess the product and help the maintenance team to unearth all underlying errors. Even prior to this stage, the Spiral Model of Software development, which is popular in the industry today, is of a cyclic nature, which uses the concept of evolutionary prototyping and constant customer feedback, that minimizes the chances of any errors, thereby ultimately reducing the burden on the testing team.Today, Large software systems are developed in a planned and systematic manner, which eliminates yesteryear problems of understandability and clarity. Under this approach, complex tasks are broken down into simpler ones and each simple task (that is known as a module) is assigned to a team, wherein each individual solution is then assimilated through proper & preplanned interfaces that connect every individual module hierarch ically. Present software is developed in such a manner that there is always scope for adding enhancements and additional features to it. This is done under the concept of adaptive maintenance. The interesting thing with present SW engineering methodologies has been that such provisions for all possible add-ons are predetermined at the planning stage itself, with a major emphasis on reusability and platform independence.A major difference SW engineering and any other form engineering say in the construction domain is that analysis is much more complex, with some

Management in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 6

Management in Context - Essay Example romotion of trade liberalization (World Trade Organization, 2008), the modern business trend has gradually shifted from multinationalism to globalization. Globalization is â€Å"a process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments of different countries which is driven by international trade and investment through the use of information technology.† (The Levin Institute, 2008) In other words, the concept of globalization allows business people to maximize their available financial resources by taking advantage of the low-cost products and services that are readily available from developing countries. Because of the differences in monetary exchange rate, large-scale businesses from developed countries are able to purchase more homogenous products and highly competitive human resources at a much lesser price. Globalization theorists like Giddens (2000) and Waters (1995) suggest that globalization causes â€Å"social change†. Based on this theory, this study will examine the overall impact of globalization over the role and responsibilities of modern managers. discussed: (1) the need to implement and promote a strong cultural diversity within the business organization; (2) the shift from a traditional management style to the promotion of self-efficient employees; (3) the need to continuously update one’s own learning and promote organizational learning culture; (4) the shift from authoritative or transactional leadership style to transformational leadership style; and (5) importance of selecting the best motivational strategies. Globalization opens new business opportunities by increasing the size of potential markets for existing companies. However, globalization also increases pressure in market competition. For this reason, companies today are facing new business challenges not only within the domestic markets but in a global perspective. (Jain, 2003: p. 53) The tight competition within the domestic and international markets

Health Systems Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Health Systems Administration - Essay Example To operate as a team in the management and direction of the hospital, the administrator, and associate administrator and chief of staff occupied the top level position of a Military hospital. For clinical services the physician chief of staff has line authority and for all administrative services, the associate administrator has line authority. They are also actively involved in the overall management of the hospital. 3. Public Relations: A health care delivery system maintains good relations with various organizations such as other hospitals, medical societies, medical schools and other colleges and universities, and public health officials and organizations The health system administrators have full responsibility for planning, directing, organizing, coordinating, and controlling overall administrative operations The Health System Administrator at this Level directs a full range of administrative services including fiscal, personnel, supply, engineering, medical records administration, and hospital housekeeping. The Health System Administrator at Level II works on a day-to-day basis with the health care delivery system's administrator and chief of staff. The health system administrator participates in top management discussions, decisions, and policymaking, and sharing accordingly in the responsibility for top management actions except those which require a strictly medical decision. The main functi The main functions include developing, and adjusting organizational structures and management systems for the administrative and allied health services

Community Health Promotion Tool Essay Example for Free

Community Health Promotion Tool Essay Kimberly Thomas: Good Evening, I am Kimberly Thomas. I’m interviewing Hypertension what is a disorder that affects cardiovascular system. Let’s talk about the population and treatment for hypertension. There are a lot of medications for hypertension. What is hypertension? Where do you start for treatment? Hypertension: Hypertension is high blood pressure. Well, there are several medication treatments for hypertension. Most doctor start patients with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), which is a diuretic. Diuretics are basically known as a water pill, which helps remove excess sodium and water from the body. Second most common medicine for hypertension is beta blockers. Beta blockers help the heart to beat a slower pace with less force. Again, there are several other medication treatments for hypertension, and your primary care physicians will discuss what options are best for you. Kimberly Thomas: Ok, thank you. Who are at risk of hypertension? Hypertension: There are some cultures that are more at risk than others. However, certain conditions and habits can put anyone at risk for high blood pressure. According to Hypertension (n.d.), â€Å"Its more common in African American adults than in Caucasian or Hispanic American adults.† African Americans tend to get high blood pressure early in life. Also, Puerto Rican adults have higher rates of hypertension than any other Hispanic group. Kimberly Thomas: Why do you think African Americans and Puerto Ricans are more at risk than any other culture? Hypertension: There are several factors why these two cultures are more at risk than other cultures. According to Hypertension (n.d.), â€Å"The main factor is the choice of food both cultures eat. Both cultures diet include too much salt.† Kimberly Thomas: Heredity is a factor correct? Can the individual manage some of the risk factors? Hypertension: Yes to both of your questions. There are a few things you can do to manage your high blood pressure. If you’re overweight, it’s highly recommend that you start exercising. Eat healthy food low in saturated fat, Trans fat, cholesterol and salt. Limit your alcohol intake, and stop smoking. Always, take medicine the way your doctor tells you. Kimberly Thomas: I absolutely agree with that. Kimberly Thomas: What about impact it has on cost? Hypertension: According to Hypertension (n.d.), â€Å"In 2010, high blood pressure was projected to cost the United States $93.5 billion in health care services, medications, and missed days of work.† Kimberly Thomas: How does hypertension impact the society? Hypertension: The number 1 cause of death in the United States throughout most of the 20th century. Unfortunately, whether the hypertension is treated or untreated, only 34% of Americans with hypertension have their blood pressure controlled to 140/90. An estimated 30 to 35 million Americans have uncontrolled hypertension, and are therefore at unduly increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Kimberly Thomas: I completely agree with you. I think the number one problem we still have today is that there are many people out there who are not being adequately treated. People who are denial of their problem, is unfortunate because there is help for them. Kimberly Thomas: Well, that’s all for today and Thank you for your time. References: Hypertension. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hypertension/faqs.htm http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/basics/definition/con-20019580

Evian bottled water brand in the US market

Evian bottled water brand in the US market 1. Case overview: Although it has achieved great success in other part of the world, the Danone and its Evian bottled water brand are facing significant pressure while handling the U.S. market. After the cola giants Coke and Pepsi set up their own bottled water brands, Dasani and Aquafina, Danone is the number four in the U.S. market with only a 3.5% market share in 2001. Danone is facing two main problems when dealing with the U.S. market. Firstly, the U.S. customers do not accept the premium on the Evian brand, they care less about the type of the bottled water and prefer cheaper water like Aquafina or Dasani. Then, the distribute system in U.S. market is quite different from that in Europe. To carry out a strategy for its further business in the U.S., Danone made the first agreements in April 2002 with one of its most powerful opponents Coca-Cola to let Coke take charge of the Evian brand in North America. Coca-Cola will help Danone within the distribution and market performance, and will get incentives in return of the annual sales growth of Evian bottled water. The second agreement carried in June 2002 is mainly about the two companies announced a joint venture. Danone will contributes license for use several value brands and production facilities, while Coca-Cola pays cash for ownership interest and provide management. Coca-Cola needs to help achieve a guaranteed profit level; however, the penalty is not clear. The alliance of the two companies provokes debates about whether it is a way to improve sales condition or it is a sign of Danones unofficial quit from the U.S. bottled water market. What is the right decision for Danone remains to be proved. 2. Why Evians market share in the U.S. kept falling after the cola giants start their bottled water brands in the late 1980s? The Japanese strategist Kenichi Ohmae developed the 3Cs Model indicated three main players that are necessary for successful business strategy: the corporation, the customer, and the competitors. (Kenichi Ohmae, 1982) When mention the competitors, Coke and Pepsi who sell purified water that avoid extra handling and transport costs, enjoy much lower cost than Evian does. Meanwhile, their distribution systems are well developed thanks to their successful operating on other beverage such as cola. The result is that they can have their cheaper products on more shelves quickly. What is more, as Coca-Cola, Pepsi and NestlÃÆ'Â © are all well-known companies throughout the America, not only their products quality are guaranteed, but also their bottled water brands do not need too much promotion. For the customer part, in the European market where Danone has achieved great success, the customers understand the differences between glacier-sources water and purified water or tap water. They are willing to pay the premium price to purchase the consistent quality and taste of bottled water. But the U.S. customers seem to ignore the classifications of bottled water, and they are extreme price-sensitivity, their first choice is often the cheapest water on the store shelves. Obviously, the Danone Corporation itself has done quite few when facing the hard situation. The company was not well prepared for the entry of cola giants at the beginning. The former achievement within other part of the world especially in Europe makes the company blind worship its Danone business equation and refused to change its business strategy to fit the U.S. market. Also, Danone did not introduce its innovative products which are very popular in the European market, and few marketing activities such as advertises are mentioned to introduced to encourage the U.S. market accept the glacier premium. 3. Positive and negative sides of Danones strategy of running business on its own in the U.S. market. Generally speaking, one advantage of going it alone strategy is it will help keeping the companys national, historical and family pride. The following will analyse the pros and cons of two parts of this remaining one single business entity strategy respectively. The first part is to admit that the Evian brand is not a U.S. market leader but a niche product which is a high-end premium bottled water with the label of health. As the U.S. bottled water market determines the market leader by price and logistics, Evian has to make full use of its nature of unique pristine qualities to provide higher-margin product for specialized customers who understand and appreciate the price premium of bottled water which has better resource and quality. Such customer can be created by purposeful marketing and advertising. Though the group size of these customers might be not so big, the sale profit can be guaranteed by the higher sale price. Clearly, segmentation will help the company focus its strategy but the development of broad-brand equity might be inhibited. The second part is about to place its locally-sourced spring water compete against the Big Three of the U.S. bottled water market in the mid-market which has high sale volume and is price-driven. This plan sounds a good way for Danone to get the lost market share back in the U.S. The defect of this strategy is that large sum of investment need to be paid for acquiring the production facilities and distribution systems, the cost-recovery, however, would take a very long-time. Since the result of compete against NestlÃÆ'Â © and cola giants in the U.S. market are not so lucidity or even optimistic, this plan is unsuitable for Danone. Besides, manage large number of new employees for production and distribution would be another problem for the company. 4. The effect of Danone give up the whole U.S. bottled water market. The impact of keeping Evian brand only as a niche player in the U.S. market has been cited before as only a smaller group of specialized customers will be considered as target, and Evian will be redefined as a high-end premium bottled water in the market. There are many other ramifications of Danones getting out of the U.S. market. Firstly, since there is no report of loss in the American market, it keeps earning money for the company though not as much as other market does, abandon the U.S. market means the company will lose the market share and profit from the market. Secondly, the company has to deal with assets and employees that will no longer working for the corporation. Since there are only a few potential buyers for these assets, powerful buyers can minimize their cost of purchase. Thus the company may suffer a sizeable loss on that. Thirdly, leaving the U.S. market might be a negative signal to other markets and its stakeholders that the company is unable to handle such a profitable market. The direct result may reflect on its share price which will experience a significant fall. What is more, the exiting strategy will blemish the value and goodwill of both Evian brand and the Danone Group and it is not good news for the companys business in other market. Finally, once exit, the re-enter to the market will be much tougher. While remain in the market helps keep the long-term opportunities for the company, it is really difficult for any external company to find a chance to get in and earn money. 5. Comment on the joint ventures with Coca-Cola. Clearly, the joint ventures with the cola giant have many advantages. To be specific, since the Danones strategy and market method cannot meet the needs of the U.S. market, shifting the marketing and distribution control to a company that has more success experience is sensible. With the help of Coke with the marketing and delivery, Danones products can expect a sizeable increase in sell. Besides, as Coca-Cola take charge of those Danones business in the America, the saved resources including marketing and managing expenses and human resources can be put into other markets which are more likely to gain success. In addition, the Evians brand image of high-end will be maintained according to the marketing strategy of the joint ventures. In other words, to remain the corporation and its products in the U.S. market with the sale volume growth guarantee provided by Coke is a safe game for Danone. However, there are some unreasonable factors within the joint ventures. First, as is mentioned in the case, no punishment of Cokes unable to achieve the sale promise is unclear, what if the Danone products keep losing market share? Second, as Coca-Cola gets 51% of the ownership, Danones suggestions might be so weak while making important decisions. Besides, there seems to be an overlap between Cokes bottled water Dasani and Danones Danone brand spring water, so it is doubtful the cola giant is willing to accomplish the sale growth of its joint ventures partners at the expense of its own products. In sum, the cooperation with Coca-Cola is the most ideal way for Danone when handling the U.S. market, but the result might not so ideal because of those internal and external (i.e. economic and market changes) uncertainties. Bibliography Ohmae, K. (1982). The mind of the strategist : the art of Japanese business. New York: McGraw-Hill. Kotabe, M Helsen, K. (2008). Global marketing management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc.

turing machine :: essays research papers

A turing machine can be defined as a â€Å"device with a finite number of internal configurations, each of which involves the machine’s being in one of a finite number of states†. This means that in a machine there are certain inputs that when implemented will produce a certain output. These combinations of inputs can be used in a machine table to show the outputs for each state. By looking at a machine table one will be able to know which combination of inputs is related to the different states and also what happens at each state. Mental states can correlate directly with turing machines in that our minds can be described by using a machine table. The inputs for the machine table representation of our mental states can be seen as our perceptions. By saying perception I mean all the sensory body parts/organs that can perceive an input and send a signal to the mind. These inputs in turn determine the mental state and the behaviors related to each mental state. Because our minds can be mapped out using a machine table, each state can be seen as an instance of functionalism. Functionalism is defined as an object that has a function. Functionalism can be used to describe a single mental state. An example of a mental state that is determined by a turing machine can be the feeling of happiness. In order to be happy there are certain things that are needed to trigger it. This mental state of being happy is triggered by our perceptions and then causes one to express their mental state physically. Our physical expression, I believe, can be altered. For example, if one were told that a dog was called a cat and only knew that dogs were cats then he would always see a dog and call it a cat. It is only because of what we hear and learn from our environment that we call a dog a dog. Being a

Implementing a Business Continuity Essay

In this lab, you implemented a portion of your organization’s BCP. On the basis of the BIA, the organization determined that the internal Active Directory database and the corporate Web site must be recoverable in the event of system failure or natural disaster. To accomplish this, you configured local backups of Active Directory on the existing virtual server using Windows Server Backup. You also configured the organization’s Web servers to host content from a single NFS share, and to back up that NFS share daily using Windows. Lab Assessment Questions & Answers 1. What is the purpose of the business impact analysis (BIA)? 2. What is the difference between a disaster recovery plan (DRP) and a business continuity plan (BCP)? 3. What are the commands used in Windows 2012 to mount the NFS share on the Linux server. 4. Is creating redundancy for systems such as Active Directory or Web servers a part of the DRP or the BCP? 5. Why use the mklink command? 2 | Lab #6: Implementing a Business Continuity Plan 6. What role/service is Windows 2012 Server Backup part of? a. Windows Group Policy b. Windows Collaboration Server c. Windows Server Essentials Experience 7. Which Linux file makes a local share available to NFS clients? a. transports b. imports c. fstab d. exports

Investigate software application Essay

How does Nolan’s the dark night use MELCS to good effect and what does this indicate regarding the films genre? Are there any social criticisms present? In this essay I will be explaining the way that different techniques are used, and what these show about the Dark Knight. I will be looking throughout the film at how Nolan uses various effects such as, colour, editing, lighting, camera, and sound. And how these things aren’t really what you might expect for the typical super hero film, but also how he uses them to subtlety criticize human nature. First of all I will talk about the colour used Nolan uses. Throughout the film the colour scheme always seems to be very dark but as well as this the things that are happening usually contrast this. A good example of this is at one point when the Joker is being questioned, all the lights go out and everything is pitch-black except the jokers white face. This is very effective as it really makes the joker stand out and means you can see every little detail of his face and facial expressions but don’t know what else is happening in the room. It therefore creates a whole lot of suspense about what’s going to happen next and where it’s going to come from whilst at the same time letting you see every detail of the jokers face and almost making you really understand what he’s thinking. Another point in which this contrast is shown is in Bat-mans hide away place. In there the floor is a dark dull grey/black, and the ceiling is all white lights. This is good because it makes the room seem endless and gives anything in it airs of importance and cleanliness like trophy shelves that are lit from above like the room or a dentist. This is good because in the room he keeps all his high-tech gadgets witch seem incredibly expensive and valuable when they are in the room, but then when Bat-man is using them he acts as though they are something that are disposable. Another way Nolan uses colour is in the costumes. The Joker is an especially good example of this as he wears a purple jacket, green hair, Green top, and bright red giant red lips. This shows us a lot about his character for example, purple stands for royalty and the joker becomes almost like a king by making everyone scared of him. Secondly the green stands for jealousy, and the Joker is very good at making people feel jealous and spiteful about other people. As well as maybe feeling slightly jealous at not being normal, and being unhappy himself. Lastly the joker is just completely crazy, and all his colours clashing certainly do emphasize this. Overall it is a brilliant way of showing his character and showing how different he is to everyone. I mean, you’d never miss him would you!? On the other hand the dark knight is completely the opposite of the Joker, and their clothing really shows this. As the knight is completely black it seems to show how he represents reality and order, but the joker stands for everything mad and chaotic as that is what he loves. As for the props Nolan uses, really they are quite simple. Even the high-tech gadgets batman uses all seem possible and there are no out of this world, impossible things. I think this is actually quite a good thing, as it means that it makes the whole play seem more realistic, and like something that could actually happen. Therefore it is all scarier in a slightly surreal way. Next I will look at how Nolan uses editing in the film and what effects this creates. When a lot of action is happening at the same time Nolan uses lots of quick shots of the action quickly cutting from one to the other. This is very clever as you think you’re just about to find out what’s going to happen when it cuts to the next scene which is also really tense and you want to know what’s going to happen there but it goes back to the one before. This creates lots of tension in the film and it is a bit like its flashing from scene to scene like your heart beat getting faster and faster. It also gives the sense of chaos and panic and shows you how every thing is happening at the same time. This is good as it makes you realise how hard it must be for the cops and detectives. Another similar thing he does is when two people and talking to each other about something in which one of them might react in a certain way he will keep cutting from one face to the other as you wait for the reaction to happen. This also creates tension and makes you wonder if they will react the way you think their about or not, then when it does its more of a shock. The lighting in the film is another very important element in the film. I have already explained some of it in the colour part. As with the colour most of the film is set in dark, low key lighting, with lots of shadows creating a spooky kind of atmosphere. Once again though like the colour, often he uses contrast. A place where this is very effective is when some people are looking for Bat-man and it is very dark so they all have very bright torches. All you can see is the torch light getting closer and closer towards you but nothing out of the light. This makes it seem very scary as all you can do is wait until he is in the torch light but by that time you know it will already be too late because they are too close. Another scene in witch the lighting used is very effective is in the bank robbery scene. It is once again very dark in the bank, but because this time it is lighter outside, and the room has very big windows, you get some patches of the bank where it is much lighter. This is really good because he then makes it so that when the action happens, it happens in the lighter places. This means you can clearly see what is happening in the light when something happens out of it your attention is not so focused on it so it is a surprise. Also the dim light coming from just the one side of the building creates big long spooky shadows to, witch adds nicely to the tense atmosphere. Nolan also uses camera techniques in an interesting way to create good effects. For example right at the beginning of the play there is an extreme long shot of a sky scraper. This is then slowly zoomed in; right up to one window and into an extreme close-up, then the glass in the window suddenly shatters. Nolan uses this a lot in the film with other things too, like some one face that once zoomed in you see their shocked facial expression. This creates the element of surprise means you know that something is going to happen to do with what they are zooming in on but not what exactly until your right there. It also creates tension on what that’s going to be. Another camera technique used is when something is happening the camera circles the action. This happens a lot and is good because it means you can see everything that is happening and all the reactions of people around it. In addition to this it can create serious tension and fear. A great example of this is when the Joker is about to slit the black mans mouth. The camera circles his head so that sometimes you can see his face with the knife in and sometimes just the back of his head and the Jokers facial expression. Every time the camera shows his face you wince and think, Oh no, is it going to happen now whilst I can see it. This happens over and over until eventually he slits his mouth when you can only see the Jokers expression but you know it’s been done because his face and its kind of a relief because at least you haven’t have had to watch. Lastly Nolan uses another successful effect by turning the camera around. He does this near the end when the Joker is hanging upside-down off a building. The camera is turned so that you see the Joker as if he was standing upright and it looks very strange as his hair is all over the place and his hand are waving about, but for some reason it kind of fits the Jokers. This is because the Jokers personality is all over and mad and it seems like that is where he belongs, in an upside-down world. It’s slightly ironic really. Moreover, it made it seem like the right place, and way for him to die. Another method Nolan uses to brilliant effect is sound, digetic, and non digetic. For instance throughout the film, when ever tension is building up the same music starts. It sets of quietly and slowly, building up, getting faster and louder until the pinnacle of the excitement then stops. This is very effective as it creates the feeling of panic and makes your heart start to race as you know that something’s about to happen. Sometime when this happens the non digetic sound is on its own building up until its apex when a sudden digetic noise will puncture it. This not only makes tension but also shock and fear. A good example of this is at the beginning when a window breaks. This is a great opening scene as the sound and the camera skill create loads of tension and anticipation. Nolan does another very clever thing with the sound at one point. Just after a massive explosion has happened he cuts the sound altogether, and although you can tell that really there would be loads of noise going on its silent. This is because after an incredibly loud explosion you often become deaf for a while. This is a very clever thing to do, and makes you feel like you really are part of the film. Further more without the sound you concentrate more on what you can see and all the facial expressions and whatever’s going on around. Another interesting point to think about in the dark knight is weather or not it is a normal film in the super hero genre. There are many things for and against this argument and I will look at them in this paragraph. First of all there is of course the super hero, and super villain, in this case, bat-man and the Joker. Both whom have very typical features of the super-hero genre but also some not so typical ones. To start with I will concentrate on Bat-man. Like most super heroes he is; quite wealthy, but has had a hard background and has had to build up that wealth from not very much. Is young and good looking with lots of strength and high tech gadgets. Has a different identity during the daytime, and fights crime at night, wearing a costume so no one knows who he is. Also, like a lot of super hero’s e.g. spider man he is based on some sort of animal. Lastly he has a very strong sense of right and wrong, for example his one rule never to kill anyone witch a lot of super heroes seem to have. On the other hand, although he seems to be a reasonably normal super hero, there are some things witch are slightly different. For example, a lot of the public don’t particularly like him, at one point they even try to send him to jail. Also unlike most super heroes, he doesn’t really have any sub natural powers, he just like a normal human in most ways. Also, a very big twist in the play is when the heroine dies, so like most super heroes bat-man does have heroine who he can’t really have yet. But, whereas usually at the end of the play they would get together, In Bat-man, about half way through she dies. Now as for the joker, is a bit different. Although like most super villains he is bad and has had a hard life. His attitude to life and Bat-man is quite different. Unlike most super villains, he does not really seem to hate Bat-man. Instead he sees him as game, and even when he has the chance to kill him says he is too fun to kill. This is very unusual and very different to how the baddy usually feels towards the hero. Furthermore, the reasons for the Joker to do what he does is rather strange too, because most villains do it for money or wealth or power, but the Joker doesn’t care about any of this, and just does it for fun. Overall I think that although The Dark Knight isn’t exactly what you would expect from a typical super hero movie, all in all its more that than anything else. I think that really Nolan has taken the super hero genre and added aspects from other things like horror to create a very successful, far more adult movie which will appeal to people who love all the super hero kind of movies, but also to those who usually find them a bit too childish and unrealistic.

Hedging Currency Risk at TT Textiles Essay

It was a hot March morning in Kolkata in the year 2009. Sanjay K. Jain, —Joint Managing Director of TT Textiles, watched the sunlight stream in through his office windowpane. But his mind was elsewhere, tracking the movements of the Swiss franc (CHF) in the last few months and the world events that had caused them. The Swiss franc had touched 1.17 CHF/US$ from the previous year’s record of 0.96CHF/US$. That was good news for him. Or was it? The irony of the situation was not lost on him. Once, the Swiss had franc barely figured among all the different currencies that vied for his attention in the normal course of things. Yet, lately, it was the movement of the CHF that weighed on his mind most heavily. As an exporter to more than 30 countries, TT Textiles was no newcomer to the area of currency risk. TT Textiles usually used forwards to manage currency risks. However, during 2006-07, when the INR was expected to appreciate to an unprecedented high of 35 INR/US$, the company had entered into a swap deal based on the historical stability of the CHF against the US$. At the time, the deal had looked relatively safe and very lucrative. However, when  the global financial crisis struck in 2008, it started making sizeable mark-to-market losses. Luckily it turned around in 2009 and was no longer in the red. But with three months left on the contract, the big question Jain faced was whether to quit now or hold it till maturity. The textile and clothing industry in India had traditionally been an export-oriented industry. In 2008, it contributed four per cent to the overall GDP of India and accounted for 14 per cent of the industrial production and 14 per cent of total exports of goods . More importantly, India earned about 27 per cent of its total foreign exchange through textile exports. It was also the second largest employer after agriculture, providing direct employment to 35 million people and indirect employment to 45 million people. In 2008-09, the total sales generated by the textile and clothing sector amounted to US$33.4 billion from the domestic market and US$21.6 billion from exports. Professor Rajesh Chakrabarti prepared this case solely as a basis for class discussion. This case is not intended to serve as an endorsement, a source of primary data, or an illustration of effective or ineffective management. The author thanks Shashvat Rai and Anurag Sharma from ISB’s PGP Class of 2011 for assisting in the writing of this case. This case was developed under the aegis of the Centre for Teaching, Learning, and Case Development, ISB. Copyright @ 2013 Indian School of Business. The publication may not be  digitised, photocopied, or otherwise reproduced, posted or transmitted, without the permission of the Indian School of Business. This document is authorized for use only by Christopher Alt at Clark University until July 2014. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. Permissions@hbsp.harvard.edu or 617.783.7860. As a mature industry, the textile industry was marked by relatively low margins ï £ § varying from three per cent to 12 per cent depending on where in the value chain a specific company operated. The total market for textiles and clothing was expected to reach US$100 billion by 2015, with 43 per cent of revenues coming from exports. Specifically, textile exports were expected to yield US$22 billion and the domestic textile market was expected to yield US$28 billion by 2015.2 The US dollar was the dominant currency for pricing textile products worldwide, in a large measure even for exports to Europe or Latin American countries. TT Textiles Limited, the flagship company of the TT Group, was founded in 1978 by the family of Dr. Rikhab Chand Jain. It was India’s first knitwear company to go public. TT Textiles was a vertically integrated textile company with a presence in the entire cotton chain, from fibre to yarn to  knitted fabric and garments. It had manufacturing facilities in all the major garment centers ï £ §Tirupur, Kolkata, Delhi, Varanasi, Saharanpur and Kanpur. It had ginning units in Gondal, Gujarat and branches for cotton in Jalna, Maharashtra. The company’s core businesses were agrocommodity, cotton, yarn, fabric and garments, and its markets were spread all over the world, as shown below (also see Exhibit 1): Sanjay Jain, an MBA gold medalist from IIM, Ahmedabad and an Associate Member of the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ACS) and Institute of Cost Accountants of India (AICWA), began his career at ICICI Bank before starting his own brokerage firm, which he later sold. He joined TT Textiles in 2001 and was instrumental in expanding the textile business and setting up the marketing network for raw cotton yarn in over 20 countries around the world. Approximately 75 per cent of TT Textiles’ revenues came from exports, and at any particular point of time, the company had an exposure of roughly US$25 million. The life of a typical export transaction in the industry   particularly of the kind that TT was party to   was less than three months. TT Textiles enjoyed a margin of five to six per cent in its business. Currency derivative products were relatively new entrants in India. Most Indian companies depended on their banks to hedge currency exposures. In a 2009 newspaper article, Ramesh Kumar, Senior Vice President and Head, Debt and Currency Markets of Asit C. Mehta, explained: This document is authorized for use only by Christopher Alt at Clark University until July 2014. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. Permissions@hbsp.harvard.edu or 617.783.7860. Historically, in a controlled environment, India Inc. relied on banks for covering its foreign exchange requirements. †¦ Some of the companies trade actively in foreign exchange and have a separate treasury management unit for foreign exchange transactions. However, there are also large numbers of small and medium enterprises which participate in the currency market passively and depend on commercial banks (authorised dealers) for their requirement of foreign exchange and coverage of currency 3 The currency market was one of India’s biggest financial markets, with turnover on the spot and forward markets together yielding around US$12 billion a day in April 2007. Since September 2008, there had been both foreign exchange (forex) forwards as well as futures markets in the country trading the INR-US$. Derivatives on other currencies were not traded. The rupee-dollar forward market was an over-the-counter (OTC) market, the trades on which were settled through the Clearing Corporation of India Ltd (CCIL), which was the clearing house for forex and interest rate trades in India. This minimized the credit risk associated with these agreements in the Indian market. According to Chakrabarti and De, â€Å"In 2006-07, 85,106 forex forward transactions went to CCIL for settlement, with a notional value of US$342 billion. By late 2006, forward market turnover was nudging US$2 billion a day. Foreign institutional investors were able to do transactions on the currency derivatives market that could be characterized as ‘hedging’ of the currency risk exposure on their Indian investment.† In addition to the domestic rupee-dollar forward market, there was active trading for cash-settled rupee-dollar forwards in Hong Kong, Singapore, Dubai and London on what were termed â€Å"nondeliverable forwards† (NDF) markets. For foreign institutional investors who had limited access to the forwards markets on the domestic INR-US$ markets, the NDF market did not suffer from the constraints imposed by capital controls. However, for domestic investors, this led to limited participation by financial institutions of the onshore currency forward market.

Literature, Intertextuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literature, Intertextuality - Essay Example These results not only in what Roland Barthes calls as the "Death of the Author", but also makes the issue of authorship debatable. According to Barthes, the text [is] woven entirely with citations, references, echoes, cultural languages . . . which cut across it through and through in a vast stereophony. . . The citations which go to make up a text are anonymous, untraceable, and yet already read 1(Barthes 194-5) If intertextuality is a problematization of the inside-outside ratio of the text and context game, a classic example would be John Barth's Dunyazadiad. The text not only explicitly refers to the original work of The 1001 Nights, which is historically seen as an act of unoriginality, of plagiarism, but manages to create something original out of the reference. In the story, when Scheherazade and the genie (John Barth) are discussing the ending of the story the reader is currently reading, her epiphany illustrates one of the central ideas behind Barth's reworking: "Sherry asked with a smile whether by 'his version' the Genie meant that copy of the Nights from which he'd been assisting us or the story he himself was in the midst of inventing." The fact that Barth consciously subverts the original reference and recasts Dunyazade, the younger sister of the doomed Queen Scheherazade, the original protagonist of the Arabic tale, as the main stay of his text, shows Barth not only toying with the idea of form (as represented by the canon of Queen Scheherazade), but also illustrates the idea of post modern fiction to venture into the realms of 'might have been's' rather than following the filiated history. The greatest triumph of Barth lies in breaking this discourse of filiation, of canonization, by producing a pastiche of the probable. The intertextuality in the text thus, capillarizes the power lying inherently with the omniscient author of The 1001 Nights. If intertextuality celebrates the concept of art imitating art, it is true that Barth's text is a pluralistic discourse. However, the question of whether the text owes more to other texts than itself becomes difficult to analyze simply because the meta-narratives which evolve from Dunyazadiad are themselves a part of the world of intertextuality. The recursive tale structure is a treasure-house of narratives, but is at the same time confounding as it is held in the semiotics of language whose meaning can neither be ascertained nor be fully comprehended. Thus, "I can't conclude it," the narrator admits at the end of "Dunyazadiad," "but it must end in the night that all good mornings come to." The function of intertextuality in Alejo Carpentier's Like the Night has a function which is similar and at the same time dissimilar to Barth's Dunyazadiad. Whereas the similarity is evident in both the text's ability to challenge and break the canon of filiality, the difference becomes one in degree. Alejo's text, one could argue is a conscious effort to defer the issue of authorship at such an ad infinitum pace that its elasticity could combine the aesthetic concerns of multi-cultural traditions and focus on broader social issues regarding cultural identity. A typical example would be the use

Economical Analysis of Worldbiotechcom, Inc Essay

Economical Analysis of Worldbiotechcom, Inc - Essay Example The former was driven by the introduction of cars, television, radio and electric power while the latter resulted from the use of Internet and emergence of e-commerce. NASDAQ index spiked then abruptly went into a steep decline after the dot-com bubble burst leading many investors to bankruptcy. There was so much hype in the new technologies as the forecasted prospects were very promising only to be dismayed by modest results and dismal returns. For example, so many people invested in the Internet because they thought that they could easily gain an easy buck given the increasing availability, accessibility and minimal investments it requires. Instead, they were driven to bankruptcy by websites offering free services. (Smith et al 2002 ; Topol 2003) The most pressing problem with regards to the new transport system is not so much in the entry of other players or the saturation of the market but in the inherent risk in using it. While other means of transportation such as automobiles, ships and airplanes have their own death statistics, they offer a relatively higher degree of confidence because these modes can be maneuvered and abandoned to prevent the loss of life and limbs. Even if we insist that the transport mode is safe and use simulation runs as evidence, we can never discount the possibility of an accident. A single accident could send tremors across the whole industry and send it tumbling down because people would be scared of the prospect of being atomized to nothingness and being unable to do something about it. It is expected that exceptional mandatory quality standards will be implemented by the government in light of the risks involved in the use of the technology. The worst case scenario would include the disclosure on the hazard of using the technology which can dissuade potential buyers or users. Controls on employment or production such as exhaustive testing could prove to be very

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Research Paper

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment - Research Paper Example There is a misplaced perception among the masses that child abuse is only sexual in nature. But emotional neglect of the child’s needs and desires by parents or guardians also constitutes child abuse. Childhood is very fragile and emotionally sensitive in nature. It is during this tender age that a child’s perspective and sense of self-worth is formed. Thus, child abuse can have detrimentally and long-lasting effects on the overall health of a child. Child abuse is more prevalent in developing and underdeveloped countries than the developed ones. In the face of grim poverty and starvation, children often become the innocent victims of multiple forms of abuse. In some countries, instances of child abuse are also driven by local myths and traditions. For example, in South Africa, it is believed that sexual intercourse with a virgin would cure a man of HIV.  The practice of child abuse has existed in some form or the other since time immemorial. It was a normal practice for early Greek and Roman civilizations to abandoned deformed or unwanted children, and to offer children as sacrifices to appease the gods. Similar practices were performed in Carthaginian, Roman, Greek, and Aztec societies. In Roman society, the father had absolute authority over his child's life. Sexual abuse of children was also common, but it was never perceived as being illegal or even immoral. It was rather a traditionally accepted phenomenon. But as humankind has progressed as a civilization, attitudes regarding child abuse have drastically changed and rightly so. Child abuse is now recognized as a grotesque social crime, one that can leave ugly scars on a child's life. Not only does it ruin the innocence of the child, but it also leads to psychological problems in adult life. Traditionally, child abuse has been categorized in the following ways- neglect, physical abuse, psychological/emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Of the total reported cases of child abuse, neglect repr esented 54% of confirmed cases of child abuse, physical abuse 22%, sexual abuse 8%, emotional maltreatment 4%, and other forms of maltreatment 12% (National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse). Neglect can imply a situation where the parents fail to satisfy the basic needs of the child including physical, emotional and educational needs. Physical Abuse refers to any act of physical violence committed against a child. Psychological or emotional abuse denotes a pattern of behavior that impedes a child's psychological growth and development. This includes perennial criticism of the child, rejection and all other activities which would adversely affect a child's sense of self-worth. Sexual abuse, which has a rather hazy definition, involves any sexual act between an adult and a child. The more explicit form of sexual abuse occurs when a child is abused for the sexual gratification of an adult. The more subtle form of sexual abuse, though just as serious, is when "an adult indecently expos es their genitalia to a child, asks or pressures a child to engage in sexual activities, displays pornography to a child, or uses a child to produce child pornography." (Martin et al, 383). Studies have revealed that nearly 15% to 25% of women and 5% to 15% of men were sexually abused when they were children. (Kevin et al, 391).

Internet Marketing Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Internet Marketing - Dissertation Example These athletes would be like spokespeople for the shoes. Other considerations that Mercury needs to consider is whether they want to concentrate on on-line stores or brick and mortar stores, and the importance of conducting marketing research to get ahead of coming trends. These are all the concerns which have been identified by research regarding on-line marketing trends. This research was compiled by using the methodology of secondary research, which means that, as opposed to using primary research as a methodology, the actual data was collected by others. The advantages to this are cost and time, as secondary research is must less costly than primary, and can be compiled in much more timely fashion. This dissertation will also propose an on-line marketing model which utilizes the concepts which have been revealed through the research. Introduction Internet marketing is an excellent, relatively low-cost way, for new brands to get their name out to the general public. Research shows that social marketing, if done correctly, can produce excellent dividends for companies, and specific research about Facebook shows that its demographic and reach would be an excellent place to focus the marketing plan. ... Other considerations that Mercury needs to consider is whether they want to concentrate on on-line stores or brick and mortar stores, and the importance of conducting marketing research to get ahead of coming trends. Methodology   Ã‚   The research method that was used was secondary data.  Ã‚   Secondary data is, in a nutshell, data that has been collected by others. It can be in the form of government and regulatory reports, company reports, published academic research, and internal documents produced by organizations (Harris, 2001).  Ã‚  Ã‚   The advantages of using secondary data is that it is readily available, and generally has a low cost.   (Hopperth, 2005).   This is contrast with collecting primary data, which is often prohibitively expensive. (Brown & Semradek, 1992).   Time factors are also important, in that primary data can take years to compile, while secondary data may be compiled in a matter of months. (Hopperth, 2005).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this case, the secondary data that has been compiled consists mainly of articles in peer-reviewed journals, as well as resources which have been compiled from Internet search sources. It is appropriate to obtain secondary sources from the Internet, as the topic is in regards to on-line marketing. To this end, the articles which are germane to the topic are not limited to peer-reviewed articles and studies, but also more informal informative sources, such as blogs, as these may provide insights into the topic at hand. The inclusion criteria for articles are that the articles should be recent. While there are some articles which date from the early 2000s, the majority of the articles are from 2008 and later. This is important, as on-line marketing is ever-evolving, and the strategies which define the genre

Partition of India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Partition of India - Essay Example The first major revolt against the British rule occurred in 1857 when the soldiers of the British Indian Army carried out a mutiny and offered their services to the Mughal Emperor. This mutiny quickly spread to other parts of India and it is argued that the uprising, which seriously threatened the British rule in India, was undoubtedly the culmination of mounting Indian resentment toward the social and political policies perpetrated by the British over many decades. The mutiny was eventually thwarted. Nonetheless, all political power was now transferred from the East India Company to the Crown and in 1858, Britain began to directly control most of India. The late nineteenth and early twentieth century would see the growth of new political parties and ideological groups which continually called for the end to direct British rule in India. With the end of the Second World War, the Indian subcontinent witnessed a major political power shift that not only emancipated the country from col onial rule, but also divided the nation into two independent countries, India and Pakistan. The political leaders from these two countries, having fought together for independence from the British, ultimately concocted schemes for the division and partition of the country. The plans for the partition started as early as the end of nineteenth century with the implementation of the British divide and conquer strategy. Under this administrative policy, the British worsened the existing conflicts.... However, the British rule turned increasingly unpopular (Singh 1990). The first major revolt against the British rule occurred in 1857 when the soldiers of the British Indian Army carried out a mutiny and offered their services to the Mughal Emperor. This mutiny quickly spread to other parts of India and it is argued that the uprising, which seriously threatened the British rule in India, was undoubtedly the culmination of mounting Indian resentment toward the social and political policies perpetrated by the British over many decades. The mutiny was eventually thwarted. Nonetheless, all political power was now transferred from the East India Company to the Crown and in 1858, Britain began to directly control most of India. However, the clamour for equal rights and independence mounted. The late nineteenth and early twentieth century would see the growth of new political parties and ideological groups which continually called for the end to direct British rule in India. With the end of the Second World War, the Indian subcontinent witnessed a major political power shift that not only emancipated the country from colonial rule, but also divided the nation into two independent countries, India and Pakistan. The political leaders from these two countries, having fought together for independence from the British, ultimately concocted schemes for the division and partition of the country. The plans for the partition started as early as the end of nineteenth century with the implementation of the British divide and conquer strategy. Under this administrative policy, the British worsened the existing conflicts between the Hindu and the Muslim